利用碳钢铸坯组织灰度图获取C含量分布的方法

摘要：基于热酸洗腐蚀原理与图像光学理论，提出运用金属低倍组织灰度分析技术（灰度分析法）获取中高碳钢铸坯的低倍组织中不同位置不同区域不同尺度的一维、二维C元素含量分布。偏析严重的位置得到的C元素含量高，初始凝固的晶粒中心位置得到的C元素含量低，说明通过灰度分析法计算的C元素含量分布能与低倍组织形貌很好地对应。同时，通过电子探针与灰度分析法的测量结果对比，发现二者C元素含量的变化趋势具有很好的一致性，这验证了灰度分析法的有效性。另外，低倍组织图像整体亮度的改变不会造成由灰度分析法所测量的C元素含量发生明显改变，则表明灰度分析法对测量环境的变化具有一定的抗干扰能力，也间接说明了其可靠性。     

镁对非调质钢中组织及硫化物的影响

摘要：为了探究不同镁含量对非调质钢中组织和硫化物形态、尺寸、分布及成分的影响，采用蔡司金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、小样电解等方法，分析了经高温电阻炉冶炼不同镁添加量的49MnVS3非调质钢。结果表明，由于镁蒸气压较高，在实验室冶炼中大量挥发，导致钢中镁的实际平均收得率仅为310%；镁的质量分数为0～22×10-6时，随着镁的质量分数的增加，钢中硫化物形态由Ⅱ类逐渐向Ⅰ类、Ⅲ类转变；钢中硫化物尺寸增大，硫化物的分布均匀性得到显著改善；钢中复合夹杂物比例明显增加，但MnS的比例出现下降；形成了细小弥散的氧化物，增加了奥氏体形核质点，具有细化组织的趋势。     

罩式退火温度对高强IF钢组织及性能的影响

为研究不同退火温度下高强IF钢的组织性能及织构的变化规律,采用温箱式电阻炉加热模拟罩式退火工艺,研究了不同退火温度下高强IF钢210P1冷轧板力学性能;对不同退火温度钢板的r90进行了统计并对其进行显微组织观察;采用X射线衍射仪及热场发射扫描电镜对不同退火温度的罩式退火成品板进行了织构分析。结果表明,在高强IF钢210P1冷轧板的罩式退火过程中,提高退火温度将使晶粒明显长大。随着退火温度的升高,屈服强度及抗拉强度下降,伸长率升高,n值略有上升,板材横向r值增加较明显,有利织构{111}取向密度增加,不利织构{100}取向密度降低。     

Behavior of 316L stainless steel containing corrosion pits under cyclic loading

The environmental performance of 316L grade stainless steel, in the form of tensile specimens containing a single corrosion pit with various aspect ratios, under cyclic loading in aerated chloride solutions is investigated in this study. Results from environmental tests were compared and contrasted with those obtained using finite element analysis (FEA). Fractography of the failed specimens obtained from experiments revealed that fatigue crack initiation took place at the base of the shallow pit. The crack initiation shifted towards the shoulder and the mouth of the pit for pits of increasing depth. This process is well predicted by FEA, as the strain contour maps show that strain is the highest around the centric strip of the pit. However, for shallow pits, local strain is uniformly distributed around that strip but begins to concentrate more towards the shoulder and the mouth region for increasingly deep pits.     

Preparation of (110)-oriented SrTiO3 film on quartz glass by laser chemical vapor deposition

SrTiO₃ (STO) film was prepared on quartz glass by laser chemical vapor deposition at a deposition temperature (T_dep) ranged from 760 to 1104 K. Effect of the T_dep on the orientation, crystallinity, texture, and microstructure of the STO film was investigated. As the T_dep was increased, the preferred orientation of the STO film tended to be (110)-orientated with corresponding texture coefficient (TC) on the (110) reflection enhanced from 2.3 to 6; meanwhile, the full width at half maximum of the ω-scan on the (110) reflection decreased from 0.85° to 0.59°. The (110)-oriented grains were in wedge shape about 60 × 150 nm in size, which tended to be flat at an elevated T_dep of 1104 K.     

基于激光闪光法的立式热扩散率测量装置研究

介绍了基于激光闪光法的立式热扩散率测量装置,利用脉冲激光对样品进行均匀加热,使样品内部产生一维热流,并通过红外探测器测量样品温升信号,采用立式真空加热炉控制测量温度环境,实现室温至1600℃的热扩散率测量。用该装置测量厚度为1. 1 mm,直径为10 mm的不锈钢样品,测量结果与PTB参考数据的偏差小于1%。     

Status of Mysis diluviana in Lake Ontario in 2013: Lower abundance but higher fecundity than in the 1990s

Mysis diluviana is a major component of prey fish diets in the Great Lakes, so annual production of M. diluviana is important for understanding and modeling energy flow through Great Lakes food webs. However, only three lake-wide measurements of M. diluviana annual production in Lake Ontario are currently available (1971, 1990, 1995). During 2013, lake-wide coverage of Lake Ontario was achieved during four periods from April to November. Annual mean density and biomass of M. diluviana in 2013 were 99?#/m² (SE: 8) and 318?mg?dw/m² (SE: 28) – approximately half of values observed in 1990s. M. diluviana comprised 13–30% of offshore zooplankton biomass in each period. Reproduction peaked in fall, with mean brood size of 32 embryos (range: 11–49), at least 10% larger than in 1990s. Generation time was two years from embryo to initial reproduction. Growth rates were 0.052?mm/d for the age-0 cohort and 0.027?mm/d for the age-1 cohort. Age-0 growth rate was significantly higher than in 1980s–90s (0.035?mm/d). Annual production in 2013 was 0.85?g?dw/m²/yr (SE: 0.03) which was 30–40% of values observed in 1990 and 1995 (2.23 and 2.53?g/m²/yr). Annual production to biomass ratio (P/B) in 2013 was 2.65?/yr which was 80–85% of values observed in 1990 and 1995 (3.24 and 3.11?/yr), but this difference was not statistically significant. Our results suggest that changes in annual production over time can be estimated using changes in biomass over time and a mean P/B ratio.     

基于CSC方法的钢铁行业节能减排技术潜力分析

为了研究中国钢铁行业的节能减排潜力，以35项钢铁行业先进节能减排技术为研究对象，建立节能供应曲线(Conservation Supply Curve，简称CSC)模型，分析影响钢铁行业的节能减排收益、成本效益以及钢铁生产流程工序层面的节能减排潜力因素。结果表明，这35项技术全部应用可实现3.01 GJ/t的节能量以及398.22 kg/t的CO2减排量。将结果与第十三个五年计划推广技术作对比，在当前情况下，约有50%的推广技术并不符合成本效益；运用CSC模型进行了钢铁生产流程工序层面的节能减排潜力研究，得到各个工序的节能量和减排量，并据此分析了各项技术未来的发展趋势和应用前景。